Did you know that diabetes can affect more than just your blood sugar levels? This World Diabetes Day, we're exploring the connection between diabetes and oral health, the warning signs to look out for and how regular dental appointments can help you look after your wider wellbeing.
For people living with diabetes, looking after your teeth and gums is an important part of staying healthy. Diabetes can increase your risk of developing oral health problems, including gum disease, tooth decay and infections, particularly if your blood sugar levels aren't well controlled.
But the relationship works both ways. Gum disease can also make blood sugar levels more difficult to manage, making good oral health particularly important for people living with diabetes. The good news is that with the right daily routine, regular dental appointments and support from your dental team, there are plenty of ways to protect your smile.
How does diabetes affect your teeth and gums?
Diabetes can affect how your body responds to infections, including those affecting your mouth.
When blood sugar levels remain high, your body can find it harder to fight infections and heal effectively. This can leave your gums more vulnerable to inflammation and gum disease.
People living with diabetes may also experience a dry mouth, which can increase the risk of tooth decay. Saliva plays an important role in protecting your teeth, helping to wash away food particles and neutralise acids produced by bacteria.
Some of the most common oral health problems associated with diabetes include:
- Gum disease: Inflamed, swollen or bleeding gums, which can progress to more serious problems if left untreated.
- Tooth decay: Increased sugar levels in saliva and a dry mouth can create conditions that allow harmful bacteria to grow.
- Dry mouth: Reduced saliva can cause discomfort and increase the risk of decay.
- Oral infections: People with diabetes may be more susceptible to infections such as oral thrush.
- Slower healing: Poorly controlled blood sugar levels can affect how quickly the mouth heals following an infection or dental treatment.
The connection between diabetes and gum disease
One of the most important connections between diabetes and oral health is gum disease. Gum disease develops when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, builds up around the teeth and gums. In its early stages, it can cause redness, swelling and bleeding.
If left untreated, gum disease can progress to periodontitis, a more serious condition that damages the tissues and bone supporting your teeth and can eventually lead to tooth loss. People with diabetes are at greater risk of developing periodontitis, particularly when their blood sugar levels aren't well controlled.
However, research has also shown that inflammation associated with gum disease can make blood sugar levels harder to manage. This means that taking care of your gums isn't just important for protecting your teeth. It may also help support your wider diabetes management.
Why are regular dental check-ups important if you have diabetes?
Attending regular dental examinations gives your dentist the opportunity to identify early signs of gum disease, tooth decay and other oral health problems before they become more serious. This can be particularly important for people living with diabetes, as some oral health conditions can develop without causing noticeable pain or discomfort.
Dr Nyree Whitley, Chief Clinical Officer at mydentist, commented: “Regular check-ups are important for everyone, but if you smoke, vape, are pregnant or are living with a pre-existing health condition such as diabetes, regular dental check-ups can go a long way in providing you with peace of mind and extra support in managing symptoms that can cause discomfort such as sensitivity, a heightened risk of decay or bleeding gums.”
During a routine dental examination, your dentist will check your teeth, gums and mouth for any signs of concern. They may also ask about your medical history, including whether you have diabetes, and discuss any changes you've noticed in your oral health.
It's important to let your dental team know if you have diabetes, as this can help them provide advice and care suited to your individual needs. Your dentist may also recommend appointments with a dental hygienist to help manage plaque build-up and maintain healthy gums. How often you should attend will depend on your individual oral health needs and your dentist's recommendations.
What are the warning signs to look out for?
Knowing what to look out for can help you identify potential problems early. If you're living with diabetes, it's particularly important to pay attention to changes in your teeth and gums, including:
- Bleeding, red or swollen gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Gums that appear to be pulling away from your teeth
- Loose teeth or changes in how your teeth fit together
- A persistently dry or sore mouth
- Mouth ulcers or infections that aren't healing
- Changes in how your dentures fit
If you notice any of these symptoms, it's important to book a dental appointment rather than waiting for your next routine examination.
How to look after your oral health when living with diabetes
Whether you've recently been diagnosed with diabetes or have been managing it for years, a few simple habits can make a difference to your oral health.
1. Brush twice a day - Brush your teeth for two minutes, twice a day, using fluoride toothpaste. Make sure you clean all surfaces of your teeth and gently brush along the gumline. Spit out excess toothpaste afterwards, but avoid rinsing with water so the fluoride can continue protecting your teeth.
2. Clean between your teeth daily - Floss or interdental brushes can help remove plaque and food particles from areas your toothbrush can't reach. Your dental team can recommend the most suitable products and show you how to use them effectively.
3. Keep up with your dental appointments - Regular dental examinations and hygiene appointments can help identify and manage problems early. Your dentist will advise how frequently you should attend based on your oral health.
4. Manage your blood sugar levels - Keeping your blood sugar levels within the range recommended by your diabetes care team can help reduce your risk of developing oral health problems. Continue to follow the advice and treatment plan provided by your healthcare professionals.
5. Speak to your dentist about any changes - If you notice bleeding gums, a dry mouth or any other changes, don't ignore them. Your dental team can help identify the cause and recommend appropriate care.
This World Diabetes Day, make your oral health a priority
Living with diabetes means paying attention to different aspects of your health, and your teeth and gums are no exception. Understanding the connection between diabetes and oral health can help you recognise early warning signs and take positive steps to protect your wellbeing. Regular dental appointments, a consistent at-home routine and managing your blood sugar levels can all help reduce your risk of developing oral health problems.
For more information about diabetes, including advice on managing the condition and looking after your wider health, visit the NHS diabetes information pages or Diabetes UK, which offers practical guidance, resources and support for people living with diabetes.
If you're living with diabetes, or haven't attended a dental appointment for some time, your local mydentist team is here to help. If you’re concerned about your dental health, browse our comprehensive treatment offering or find more information about mydentist at www.mydentist.co.uk. Or if you're new to mydentist and looking for a practice, find your local mydentist practice today.